Time+line+NINja'd+by+Harley+from+the+web

[|Internet Timeline] courtesy of Robert Hobbes Zakon (1996) - Paul Baran, RAND: "On Distributed Communications Networks" - **No single outage point.** || - **Plan presented for a packet-switching network** || - Uses Network Control Protocol (NCP) through Information Message Processors (IMP) developed by Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc. (BBN) - First node at UCLA, soon after at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), UCSB, and the University of Utah. First Request for Comment (RFC): "Host Software" by Steve Crocker || - **Electronic mail technology extended to conferencing.** InterNetworking Working Group (INWG) created to address need for establishing agreed upon protocols. Chairman: Vinton Cerf. || BBN (Bolt Beranek and Newman) opens **Telenet, commercial version of ARPANET** (:sk2:)> || - Started as a cooperative network at the City University of New York. - Provides electronic mail and listserv servers to distribute information. - Unlike USENET, where client software is needed, electronic mail is the only tool necessary. CSNET (Computer Science NETwork) comes into being **providing a dial-up capability to electronic mail**. Many universities feeling left out of ARPANET, join CSNET. || - **This leads to one of the first definition of an "internet" as a connected set of networks, specifically those using TCP/IP, and "Internet" as connected TCP/IP internets.** || CSNET / ARPANET gateway put in place. Desktop workstations come into being, many with Berkeley UNIX which includes IP networking software. Need switches from having a single, large time sharing computer connected to Internet per site, to connection of an entire local network. Berkeley releases 4.2BSD incorporating TCP/IP (:mpc:) || - ARPANET bureaucracy keeps it from being used to interconnect centers and NSFNET comes into being with the aid of NASA and DOE. - This allows an explosion of connections, especially from universities. Cleveland Freenet (start of NPTN) comes on-line (:sk2:)** || NSFNET backbone upgraded to T1 (1.544Mbps). RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) formed (by European service providers) to ensure the necessary administrative and technical coordination to allow the operation of the pan-European IP Network. (:glg:) || First relay between a commercial electronic mail carrier (MCI Mail) and the Internet through the Clearinghouse for Networked Information. WAIS released by Thinking Machines Corporation. Gopher released by University of Minnesota. || World-Wide Web released by CERN. NSFNET backbone upgraded to T3 (44,736Mbps)** || - directory and database services (AT&T) - registration services (Network Solutions Inc.) - information services (General Atomics/CERFnet) US White House comes on-line: - Vice-President Al Gore: vice-president@whitehouse.gov - First Lady Hillary Clinton: root@whitehouse.gov (-:rhz:-) Internet Talk Radio begins broadcasting (:sk2:). Businesses and media take notice of the Internet!** || US Senate and State of California provide information servers. Shopping malls arrive on the Internet. Arizona law firm of Canter & Siegel "spams" the Internet with email advertising green card lottery services; Net citizens flame back. You can now order from Pizza Hut, online! WWW edges out telnet to become 2nd most popular service on the Net (behind ftp-data) based on % of packets and bytes traffic distribution on NSFNET. UK's HM Treasury on-line (http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/). New Zealand's Info Tech Prime Minister on-line (http://www.govt.nz/). First Virtual, the first cyberbank, open up for business. Radio stations start rockin' (rebroadcasting) round the clock on the Net: WXYC at UofNC, WJHK at UofKS-Lawrence, KUGS at Western WA U.** || Radio HK, the first 24 hr., Internet-only radio station starts broadcasting.** WWW surpasses ftp-data in March as the service with greatest traffic on NSFNet based on packet count, and in April based on byte count. Traditional online dial-up systems (Compuserve, American Online, Prodigy) begin to provide Internet access. Registration of domain names is no longer free. Beginning 14 September, a $50 annual fee has been imposed, which up until now was subsidized by NSF. NSF continues to pay for .edu registration, and on an interim basis for .gov** The Vatican comes on-line (http://www.vatican.va/). The first official Internet wiretap was successful in helping the Secret Service and Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) aprehend three individuals who were illegally manufacturing and selling cell phone cloning equipment and electronic devices. Operation Home Front connects, for the first time, soldiers in the field with their families back home via the Internet.** || "A Day in the Life of the Internet" published** (:rhz:) || .
 * 1957 || **USSR launches Sputnik, first artificial earth satellite.** In response, US forms the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) within the Department of Defense (DoD) to establish US lead in science and technology applicable to the military (:amk:) ||
 * 1960s || **Design of packet-switching networks**
 * 1967 || ACM Symposium on Operating Principles
 * 1968 || Network presentation to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) ||
 * 1969 || **ARPANET commissioned by DOD for research into networking**
 * 1970s || Store and Forward Networks
 * HM Elizabeth, Queen of the United Kingdom sends out an e-mail.** ||
 * 1970 || ALOHAnet developed by Norman Abrahamson, U of Hawaii (:sk2:) ||
 * 1971 || 15 nodes (23 hosts): UCLA, SRI, UCSB, U of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames ||
 * 1972 || International Conference on Computer Communications with demonstration of ARPANET between 40 machines organized by Bob Kahn.
 * 1973 || **First international connections to the ARPANET: England and Norway** ||
 * 1975 || Operational management of Internet transferred to DCA (now DISA).
 * 1976 || **UUCP (unix-to-unix copy) developed at AT&T Bell Labs and distributed with UNIX one year later.** ||
 * 1977 || THEORYNET created at U of Wisconsin providing electronic mail to over 100 researchers in computer science (using uucp). ||
 * 1979 || Meeting between U of Wisconsin, DARPA, NSF, and computer scientists from many universities to establish a Computer Science Department research computer network.
 * USENET established using uucp** between Duke and UNC. ||
 * 1981 || **BITNET, the "Because Its Time (There) NETwork"**
 * 1982 || INWG establishes the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP), as the protocol suite, commonly known as TCP/IP, for ARPANET.
 * 1983 || Name server developed at U of Wisconsin, no longer requiring users to know the exact path to other systems.
 * ARPANET split into ARPANET and MILNET with the latter becoming integrated with the Defense Data Network created the previous year.**
 * 1984 || Domain Name Server (DNS) introduced.
 * of hosts breaks 1,000 ||
 * 1986 || NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56Kbps)
 * - NSF establishes 5 super-computing centers to provide high-computing power for all.
 * 1987 || NSF signs a cooperative agreement to manage the NSFNET backbone with IBM, MCI, and Merit Network, Inc.
 * 1000th RFC: "Request For Comments reference guide".
 * of hosts breaks 10,000.
 * of BITNET hosts breaks 1,000 ||
 * 1988 || **Internet worm burrows through the Net.** ||
 * 1989 || *** of hosts breaks 100,000.
 * 1990 || ARPANET ceases to exist.
 * Electronic Frontier Foundation is founded by Mitch Kapor** ||
 * 1991 || Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX) Association, Inc. formed by General Atomics (CERFnet), Performance Systems International, Inc. (PSInet), and UUNET Technologies, Inc. (AlterNet) (:glg:).
 * 1992 || Internet Society is chartered.
 * of hosts breaks 1,000,000.
 * 1993 || InterNIC created to provide specific Internet services: (:sc1:)
 * - President Bill Clinton: president@whitehouse.gov
 * 1994 || Communities begin to be wired up directly to the Internet (Lexington and Cambridge, Mass., USA).
 * NSFNET traffic passes 10 trillion bytes/month.**
 * Japanese Prime Minister on-line (http://www.kantei.go.jp/).
 * 1995 || NSFNET reverts back to a research network. Main US backbone traffic is now routed through interconnected network providers.
 * Hong Kong police disconnect all but 1 of the colony's Internet providers in search of a hacker. 10,000 people are left without Net access. (:api:)
 * A number of Net related companies go public, with Netscape leading the pack with the 3rd largest ever NASDAQ IPO share value (9 August).
 * The Canadian Goverment comes on-line (http://canada.gc.ca/).
 * 1996 || The Internet 1996 World Exposition, the first World's Fair to take place on the Internet.